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Math

This module implements various mathematical functions.

Except when explicitly noted otherwise, all return values are floats. The underlying implementations works on double precision floats that are converted back to single precision if the VM does not support double precision.

No exceptions are raised: in case of error, the return value can be infinite or NaN. Such cases can be checked with the provided functions.

The following constants are defined:

  • pi 3.14159265

  • e 2.71828182

tan

tan(x)

Return the tangent of x radians.

cos

cos(x)

Return the cosine of x radians.

sin

sin(x)

Return the sine of x radians.

atan2

atan2(y, x)

Return atan(y / x), in radians. The result is between -pi and pi. The vector in the plane from the origin to point (x, y) makes this angle with the positive X axis. The point of atan2() is that the signs of both inputs are known to it, so it can compute the correct quadrant for the angle. For example, atan(1) and atan2(1, 1) are both pi/4, but atan2(-1, -1) is -3\*pi/4.

atan

atan(x)

Return the arc tangent of x, in radians.

acos

acos(x)

Return the arc cosine of x, in radians.

asin

asin(x)

Return the arc sine of x, in radians.

degress

degress(rad)

Converts rad from radians to degrees.

radians

radians(degree)

Converts degree from degrees to radians.

exp

exp(x)

Return e\*\*x.

log

log(x, )

With one argument or with base non positive, return the natural logarithm of x (to base e).

With two arguments, return the logarithm of x to the given base, calculated as log(x)/log(base).

pow

pow(x, y)

Return x raised to the power y.

Unlike the built-in \*\* operator, math.pow() converts both its arguments to type float(). Use \*\* or the built-in pow() function for computing exact integer powers.

sqrt

sqrt(x)

Return the square root of x.

isnan

isnan(x)

Return True if x is a NaN (not a number), and False otherwise.

isinf

isinf(x)

Return True if x is a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise.

floor

floor(x)

Return the floor of x, the largest integer less than or equal to x.

ceil

ceil(x)

Return the ceiling of x, the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.